Region-Sensitive Seismic Optimization of RC Special Moment Frames in High-Seismic Indonesian Regions
Keywords:
reinforced concrete frame, seismic performance, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, nonlinear pushover analysis, Indonesian seismic design, ductility optimization, performance-based designAbstract
This study evaluates the seismic performance of reinforced concrete special moment-resisting frames (RC-SMRFs) with varying longitudinal reinforcement ratios under high-seismic conditions in Indonesia. The objective is to determine the optimum reinforcement ratio that balances structural strength and ductility while considering regional tectonic variability in Palu, Padang, and Mataram. The study highlights the importance of region-sensitive reinforcement optimization in performance-based seismic design for Indonesian high-seismic zones. A nonlinear static pushover analysis was conducted using ETABS based on SNI 1726:2019, SNI 2847:2019, ASCE 41-17, and FEMA hinge performance criteria. An eight-story reinforced concrete office building was modeled under five longitudinal reinforcement ratio scenarios ranging from 1.0% to 3.0%. Seismic performance was evaluated through modal characteristics, base shear capacity, interstory drift, ductility response, and plastic hinge distribution under regional seismic hazard conditions. The results indicate that increasing reinforcement ratios improves initial stiffness and base shear capacity by reducing the structural fundamental period and enhancing lateral resistance. However, reinforcement effectiveness declines beyond moderate levels due to accelerated stiffness degradation and reduced deformation sustainability. Ratios above 2.5% produced concentrated plastic hinges and brittle response tendencies, particularly under near-fault pulse-dominated seismic conditions. The optimum reinforcement ratio was consistently identified within 2.0%–2.5%, providing stable post-yield behavior, controlled drift, adequate ductility, and desirable strong-column weak-beam mechanisms across all regions. Regional seismic characteristics significantly influenced nonlinear behavior, with Palu showing concentrated hinge localization, Padang prolonged displacement accumulation, and Mataram intermediate structural response.
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