BIM Maturity and Its Indirect Effects on Cost and Schedule Performance in High-Rise Construction: A PLS-SEM Analysis of Clash Detection and Rework Mechanisms
Keywords:
Building Information Modeling, BIM maturity, construction management, cost performance, schedule performance, clash detection, rework reduction, digital transformationAbstract
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is widely recognized as a key driver of digital transformation in the construction industry. However, empirical evidence regarding how BIM maturity improves cost and schedule performance remains limited, particularly in developing countries and high-rise construction projects. This study examines the influence of BIM maturity on project performance, emphasizing the mediating roles of clash detection effectiveness and rework reduction. A quantitative approach was employed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Data were collected from professionals involved in high-rise building projects to analyze the relationships among BIM maturity, coordination effectiveness, clash detection capability, rework reduction, and project outcomes. Reliability, validity, and bootstrapping analyses were conducted to evaluate direct and indirect effects. The findings reveal that BIM maturity does not directly improve cost and schedule performance. Instead, its impact occurs indirectly through enhanced coordination and clash detection processes. Higher BIM maturity significantly strengthens coordination effectiveness and clash detection capability, leading to substantial reductions in rework. Rework reduction acts as a key mediator that improves both cost efficiency and schedule performance. The indirect effects of BIM maturity were found to be stronger than the direct effects, supporting digital transformation and lean construction perspectives that emphasize process integration, efficient information flow, and waste reduction. In conclusion, BIM should be viewed not only as a technological tool but also as an organizational capability that drives systemic performance improvement through coordination and process optimization. This study contributes empirical evidence on the mechanisms linking BIM maturity and project success while offering practical implications for structured BIM implementation strategies.
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