Quantum Technologies in Transition: Bridging Infrastructure, Policy, and Practice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61978/jftii.v1i1.576Keywords:
Quantum Key Distribution, Quantum Communication, Emerging Quantum Technologies, Secure Data Transmission, Quantum Infrastructure, Technology Policy, Quantum SensingAbstract
Quantum technologies have emerged as critical enablers of next-generation communication, computation, and sensing systems. This review aims to assess the current state of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and related quantum technologies by examining recent empirical findings, methodological innovations, and systemic challenges. A structured literature search was conducted across Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar using Boolean keyword combinations targeting QKD, quantum sensing, and communication applications. The review focused on peer-reviewed articles from the last five years and included experimental studies, simulations, and applied case analyses. Findings show that QKD has demonstrated remarkable reliability in both controlled laboratory and real-world settings. Studies on multicore fiber networks highlight the potential for high-dimensional communication security, while comparative analyses reveal disparities between implementation strategies across different regions. However, systemic challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, inconsistent regulation, and insufficient public understanding hinder wide-scale adoption. The discussion identifies critical factors contributing to these challenges and proposes actionable policy recommendations, including increased investment in infrastructure, standardized regulations, and targeted education programs. This review concludes that achieving the full potential of quantum technologies will require integrative strategies addressing technical, institutional, and social dimensions. Future research should emphasize longitudinal evaluation and interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance scalability and impact. The insights offered here provide a foundational framework for policymakers, researchers, and industry leaders to advance the adoption of secure, scalable quantum systems.
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