Alexithymia and The Complexity of Divorce
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61978/psychosocia.v3i3.842Keywords:
Alexithymia, Divorce, Depression, Women, Psychosocial ImpactAbstract
Divorce is a major psychosocial stressor, particularly for women, and is strongly associated with depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Alexithymia—a personality construct characterized by difficulties in identifying and expressing emotions—may complicate emotional adjustment following divorce. This case report presents a 35-year-old Javanese woman who developed depression, anxiety, and insomnia after divorce, accompanied by alexithymia traits. Data were obtained through psychiatric evaluation, semi-structured interviews, and corroborative information from her psychosocial environment. The patient showed persistent mood swings, sleep disturbance, limited emotional expression, and an externally oriented cognitive style. Her difficulties in emotional processing, combined with sociocultural pressures as a divorced woman, contributed to her psychological burden. This report highlights the need for early screening of alexithymia in divorced women and emphasizes targeted interventions such as emotional awareness training, expressive therapies, and culturally sensitive psychosocial support. Recognition of alexithymia may prevent chronic depression and improve resilience in post-divorce care.
References
Abella, J., Alayo, I., Vázquez, F. L., & Otero, P. (2017). Loneliness and depression in the elderly: The role of social network. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52(4), 381–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-017-1339-3
Algristian, H., Azizah, N., & Faisal, F. O. (2022). Anticipating suicide act of patient with borderline personality disorder and history of severe depression. Bali Medical Journal, 11(2), 910–912. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i2.3412
Amato, P. R. (2022). The consequences of divorce for adults and children: An update. Family Court Review, 60(1), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12641
Amer, N. A., Abdelrazek, S., Eladrosy, W., El-Bakry, H., & Shohieb, S. M. (2024). Computer-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Disorders: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 17(4), 885–918. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-024-00225-0
Andricha, R., Susanti, A., & Rahmawati, I. (2025). Hukum penelantaran anak yang terjadi akibat perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Curup. Hukum Dinamika, 7(1), 15–26. https://journalversa.com/s/index.php/hde
Ataya, A. R. (2021). Dogmatism and alexithymia as predictors of emotional divorce in married couples. Jurnal Pendidikan Universitas Al-Azhar, 191(1), 223–294.
Chai, L., Yang, W., Zhang, J., Chen, S., Hennessy, D. A., & Liu, Y. (2020). Relationship Between Perfectionism and Depression Among Chinese College Students With Self-Esteem as a Mediator. Omega (United States, 80(3), 490–503. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030222819849746
Diana, K., Jalali, A., & Moradi, O. (2022). Effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on depression and alexithymia in women applying for a divorce. Depression Research and Treatment. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8446611
Faisal, F. O., Algristian, H., & Azizah, N. (2022). Anticipating suicide act of patient with borderline personality disorder and history of severe depression. Bali Medical Journal, 11(2), 910–912. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i2.3412
Franco, P., Olhaberry, M., Muzard, A., Harismendy, Á., & Kelders, S. (2024). Developing a Guided Web App for Postpartum Depression Symptoms: User-Centered Design Approach. JMIR Formative Research, 8. https://doi.org/10.2196/56319
Goerlich, K. S. (2018). The multifaceted nature of alexithymia – A neuroscientific perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1614. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01614
Hade, F. A. S. (2023a). Impact of emotional divorce on the mental health of married women in Saudi Arabia. PLOS ONE, 18(11), 293285. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293285
Hade, F. A. S. (2023b). Relationship between emotional divorce and alexithymia among married women in Saudi Arabia. BMC Psychology, 11, 217. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01236-w
Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 23(1), 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56
Health, M. (2000). Republic of Indonesia.
Heim, C., & Binder, E. B. (2012). Current research trends in early life stress and depression: Review of human studies on sensitive periods, gene–environment interactions, and epigenetics. Experimental Neurology, 233(1), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.032
Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Dimensions of Perfectionism in Unipolar Depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(1), 98–101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.100.1.98
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., & Ediger, E. (1996). Perfectionism and depression: Longitudinal assessment of a specific vulnerability hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105(2), 276–280. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.105.2.276
Hwang, S., Kim, H., & Yi, E.-S. (2025). Healthy Movement Leads to Emotional Connection: Development of the Movement Poomasi “Wello!” Application Based on Digital Psychosocial Touch—A Mixed-Methods Study. Healthcare (Switzerland), 13(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13172157
Ibrahim, N., Amit, N., Shahar, S., Wee, L. H., Ismail, R., Khairuddin, R., & Safien, A. M. (2019). Do depression, anxiety and stress mediate the association between socioeconomic status and suicidal behaviours in Malaysian adolescents? PLoS ONE, 14(4), 214369. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214369
Ikawati, Z., & Anurogo, D. (2018). Management of central nervous system disease therapy. Bursa Ilmu.
Kitson, G. C., & Morgan, L. A. (2020). The multiple consequences of divorce: A decade review. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(1), 348–365. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12645
Leopold, T. (2018). Gender differences in the consequences of divorce: A study of multiple outcomes. Demography, 55(3), 769–797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-018-0667-6
Li, S., Zhang, B., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Alexithymia and mental health: A meta-analysis of 30 years of research. Journal of Affective Disorders, 297, 634–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.032
Moriguchi, Y., & Komaki, G. (2017). Neuroimaging studies of alexithymia: Physical, affective, and social perspectives. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 11(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13030-017-0097-3
Organization, W. H. (2022). Depression fact sheet. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
Panayiotou, G., Leonidou, C., & Panayiotou, A. (2021). Emotion regulation deficits in alexithymia and their role in mental health. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 1071–1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.146
Park, S. (2025). Longitudinal cross-lagged relationships of CPTSD, depression, and anxiety in adolescents. Journal of Traumatic Stress. Advance Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.XXXX
Pinna, F., Sanna, L., & Carpiniello, B. (2020). Alexithymia, gender, and psychopathology: A review of the literature. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 571. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00571
Prameswari, A., Kurniawan, A., & Wulandari, S. (2024). Prolonged grief disorder and early onset depression in children. Medicor, 3(3), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.61978/medicor.v3i3.536
Preece, D. A., Becerra, R., Robinson, K., Dandy, J., & Allan, A. (2020). Assessing alexithymia: Psychometric properties and factorial validity of the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 155, 109709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109709
Sabban, A., Al-Zahrani, S., & Al-Harbi, R. (2020). Emotional divorce in the light of several demographic variables among married women in Jeddah. Journal of King Abdulaziz University – Arts and Humanities, 18(13), 138–156.
Sar, V., Taycan, O., Bolat, N., Ozmen, M., Duran, A., Ozturk, E., & Ertem-Vehid, H. (2017). Childhood trauma and dissociation in women with depression or anxiety. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 18(4), 442–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2016.1251914
Sareen, J. (2016). Risk factors for suicide in depression across cultures. World Psychiatry, 15(2), 146–155. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20326
Scarpazza, C., Pellegrino, G., & Ghin, F. (2020). Alexithymia, somatization, and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 325. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00325
Shen, Y., Wang, J., He, L., & Wang, Y. (2023). Pharmacological management of major depression with suicidality. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1150672
Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., & Parker, J. D. A. (2020). The 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: IV. Reliability and factorial validity in different languages and cultures. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 131, 109937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109937
Wasić, C., Erzgräber, R., Unger-Büttner, M., Donath, C., Boehme, H.-J., & Graessel, E. (2024). What helps, what hinders?—Focus group findings on barriers and facilitators for mobile service robot use in a psychosocial group therapy for people with dementia. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1258847
Wells, R., Rehman, U. S., & Sutherland, S. (2016). Alexithymia and social support in romantic relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 371–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.029
Zakhour, M., Haddad, C., Salameh, P., Al Hanna, L., & Sacre, H. (2021). Association between parental divorce and anger, aggression, and hostility in adolescents: Results of a national Lebanese study. Journal of Family Issues, 42(12), 2760–2779. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X211054468
Zhou, X., Hetrick, S. E., Cuijpers, P., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Digital health interventions for depression and anxiety in young people: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Mental Health, 9(4), 30216. https://doi.org/10.2196/30216


