Digital Transformation and Operational Performance in Indonesian Port Logistics: A Qualitative Multiple-Case Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61978/logistica.v4i1.1737Keywords:
Digital Transformation, Smart Port, Port Logistics, Port Community System, Operational Performance, Maritime Logistics, IndonesiaAbstract
Digital transformation is a strategic priority for improving efficiency, transparency, and competitiveness in port logistics, yet empirical evidence on how digital technologies enhance operational performance across various port actors remains limited. This study examines digital technology implementation in Indonesian port logistics, identifies operational opportunities generated by digital transformation, and analyzes how these technologies improve operational performance. A qualitative multiple-case study design involved nine key stakeholders—port authorities, terminal operators, IT management, customs, shipping companies, freight forwarders, operational personnel, academia, and regulators. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and documentary evidence, analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings show Indonesian ports have implemented an integrated digital portfolio—Port Community System, Terminal Operating System, EDI, IoT, automated gates, RFID, container tracking, digital payments, and AI-based predictive analytics—significantly enhancing real-time information exchange, cargo visibility, coordination, and data-driven decision-making. Participants reported improvements in vessel turnaround, crane productivity, container handling, customs clearance, truck turnaround, logistics lead time, and customer service. Performance gains depend not only on technology adoption but also on interoperability, standardized data governance, organizational readiness, workforce capability, cybersecurity, and stakeholder collaboration. However, variations in digital maturity, legacy systems, and institutional coordination continue to limit fully integrated smart-port ecosystems. The study concludes that digital transformation serves as a strategic enabler of operational excellence when integrated with organizational processes and collaborative governance, offering practical guidance for accelerating smart-port development in Indonesia.
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