Human Capital Optimization in Logistics: A Quantitative Analysis of Motivational and Environmental Determinants of Performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61978/logistica.v2i1.737Keywords:
Employee Performance, Motivation, Work Environment, Logistics, HRM, Warehouse Operations, Regression AnalysisAbstract
This study investigates the influence of work motivation and work environment on employee performance within PT Aerojasa Cargo's warehouse division. Recognizing the strategic importance of human capital in logistics, the research aims to evaluate how these two variables interact to affect operational outcomes.Using a quantitative methodology, the study surveyed 55 employees selected through Slovin’s formula. A structured Likert-scale questionnaire measured three core constructs: motivation, work environment, and performance. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, employing descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, and validation metrics such as Cronbach’s alpha and R². Key results show that both motivation and work environment significantly impact employee performance (p < 0.05), with a combined explanatory power of 83.3% (R² = 0.833). The work environment demonstrated a slightly higher beta coefficient (β = 0.417) than motivation (β = 0.286), suggesting that physical and social workplace conditions are marginally more influential. Descriptive findings also revealed demographic patterns relevant to performance, including age distribution, education level, and gender roles. These findings align with existing literature and underscore the synergistic importance of fostering motivation and creating supportive work environments. The study concludes that HR managers in logistics should implement dual-focused strategies to enhance both motivational drivers and workplace quality. Such strategies may include high-performance work systems, ergonomic improvements, and continuous feedback mechanisms. This research contributes to the field of organizational behavior by offering empirical support for integrated HRM approaches in logistics, providing a framework for future policy and academic inquiry.
References
Agustian, K., Pohan, A., Zen, A., Wiwin, W., & Malik, A. (2023). Human resource management strategies in achieving competitive advantage in business administration. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (Adman), 1(2), 108-117. https://doi.org/10.61100/adman.v1i2.53 DOI: https://doi.org/10.61100/adman.v1i2.53
Akinsola, T., Abubakar, H., Akande, J., & Adekunle, A. (2024). Effect of motivational strategies on employee performance in Nigerian deposit money banks. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 9(2), e04365. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2024.v9i2.4365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2024.v9i2.4365
AKKARTAL, G., & Uludağ, C. (2022). Evaluation of competition strategies applied in logistics management during the pandemic process: a research on logistics companies in Istanbul. Business and Management Studies: An International Journal, 10(4), 1293-1304. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v10i4.2140 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v10i4.2140
Aljuaid, A. (2025). Achieving logistics firm performance through high-performance work system (HPWS) and e-HRM capabilities: The moderating role of digital talent acquisition. SAGE Open, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241310306 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241310306
Almawali, H., Hafit, N., & Hassan, N. (2021). The mediating effects of employee engagement on motivational factors and job performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(12). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i12/11948 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i12/11948
Aseanty, D., & Anggriani, A. (2023). The influence of psychological capital, job satisfaction, and employee engagement on job performance on employees of freight forwarder companies in Jakarta. Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies, 3(9), 1754-1768. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v3i9.942 DOI: https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v3i9.942
Bailey, C., Madden, A., Alfes, K., & Fletcher, L. (2015). The meaning, antecedents and outcomes of employee engagement: A narrative synthesis. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 31-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12077 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12077
Baño, A., Khatun, A., & Kumar, D. (2024). Examining drivers of engagement and employee engagement in relation to organizational performance – A study of banking sector in Hyderabad City. Migration Letters, 21(S3), 1067-1081. https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v21is3.6887 DOI: https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v21iS3.6887
Beijer, S., Peccei, R., Veldhoven, M., & Paauwe, J. (2019). The turn to employees in the measurement of human resource practices: A critical review and proposed way forward. Human Resource Management Journal, 31(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12229 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12229
Belikov, A., & Журбенко, В. (2024). The lighting environment assessment based on occupational safety, performance and psycho-physiological health of people who perform high visual complexity work. Naukovyi Visnyk Donetskoho Natsionalnoho Tekhnichnoho Universytetu, (1(12)), 33-42. https://doi.org/10.31474/2415-7902-2024-1-12-33-42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31474/2415-7902-2024-1-12-33-42
Bhatti, M., Mat, N., & Juhari, A. (2018). Effects of job resources factors on nurses job performance (mediating role of work engagement). International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 31(8), 1000–1013. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-07-2017-0129 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-07-2017-0129
Chang, C., Lu, C., & Lai, P. (2021). Examining the drivers of competitive advantage of the international logistics industry. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 25(12), 1523–1541. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2021.1915263 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2021.1915263
Costa, R., Souza, T., Barros, B., Silva, V., Freitas, E., & Simões, A. (2023). Logistics management: A future perspective on logistics processes with the application of the 5S method at BRAMAM Company in Parintins, Amazonas. ITEGAM - Journal of Engineering and Technology for Industrial Applications (JETIA), 9(44). https://doi.org/10.5935/jetia.v9i44.1010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/jetia.v9i44.1010
Cui, X. (2023). Organizational commitment, self-efficacy and work engagement among Chinese employees in foreign IT companies: Basis for improved work performance framework. International Journal of Research Studies in Management, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsm.2023.1086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsm.2023.1086
Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. (2022). Job demands-resources theory in times of crises: New propositions. Organizational Psychology Review, 13(3), 209–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/20413866221135022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20413866221135022
Demir, G., Chatterjee, P., Zakeri, S., & Pamučar, D. (2023). Mapping the evolution of multi-attributive border approximation area comparison method: A bibliometric analysis. Decision Making Applications in Management and Engineering, 7(1), 290–314. https://doi.org/10.31181/dmame7120241037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31181/dmame7120241037
Fabi, B., Lacoursière, R., & Raymond, L. (2015). Impact of high-performance work systems on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to quit in Canadian organizations. International Journal of Manpower, 36(5), 772–790. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijm-01-2014-0005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-01-2014-0005
Gomes, A., Lima, F., Soliani, R., Oliveira, P., Oliveira, D., Siqueira, R., … & Macedo, J. (2023). Logistics management in e-commerce: Challenges and opportunities. Revista De Gestão E Secretariado, 14(5), 7252–7272. https://doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v14i5.2119 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v14i5.2119
Goto, E., Ishikawa, H., Okuhara, T., Ueno, H., Okada, H., Fujino, Y., … & Kiuchi, T. (2020). Presenteeism among workers: Health-related factors, work-related factors and health literacy. Occupational Medicine, 70(8), 564–569. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa168 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa168
Hadian, D. (2022). Effect of employee engagement and continuance commitment on employee performance. Jurnal Computech & Bisnis, 16(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.56447/jcb.v16i1.269 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56447/jcb.v16i1.47
Huma, S., Ahmed, W., Ikram, M., & Khawaja, M. (2019). The effect of logistics service quality on customer loyalty: Case of logistics service industry. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 9(1), 43–61. https://doi.org/10.1108/sajbs-10-2018-0114 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-10-2018-0114
Ichdan, D., Maryani, M., & Yuliansyah, Y. (2023). Participation in decision-making, career development, and organizational commitment. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 18(2), 342. https://doi.org/10.24843/jiab.2023.v18.i02.p10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/JIAB.2023.v18.i02.p10
Islam, M., & Islam, S. (2021). Impact of employee engagement on organizational commitment and performance: A review of private companies in Bangladesh. Dhaka University Journal of Business Studies, 41–58. https://doi.org/10.3329/dujbst.v42i1.59959 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/dujbst.v42i1.59959
Jin, M., & McDonald, B. (2016). Understanding employee engagement in the public sector: The role of immediate supervisor, perceived organizational support, and learning opportunities. The American Review of Public Administration, 47(8), 881–897. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074016643817 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074016643817
Joe-Akunne, C., Edosomwan, H., & Gladness, S. (2022). Participation in decision-making and perceived organizational support as predictors of psychological safety among secondary school staff. Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 46–55. https://doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2022/v17i230305 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2022/v17i230305
Joo, B., & Lee, I. (2017). Workplace happiness: Work engagement, career satisfaction, and subjective well-being. Evidence-Based HRM: A Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, 5(2), 206–221. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-04-2015-0011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-04-2015-0011
Judijanto, L., & Iswanto, J. (2024). Analysis of the impact of HR development policies, work culture, and organizational performance on competitive advantage in the manufacturing industry in Indonesia. WSSHS, 2(03), 391–400. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsshs.v2i03.707 DOI: https://doi.org/10.58812/wsshs.v2i03.707
KASIMU, N. (2018). Effect of human resource factors on employee performance in state parastatals: A case study of Kenya Power Limited - Mombasa. Strategic Journals, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v5i2.688 DOI: https://doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v5i2.688
Lin, C., Efranto, R., & Santoso, M. (2021). Identification of workplace social sustainability indicators related to employee ergonomics perception in Indonesian industry. Sustainability, 13(19), 11069. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131911069 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su131911069
Liu, X., Yu, J., Guo, Q., & Li, J. (2022). Employee engagement, its antecedents and effects on business performance in hospitality industry: A multilevel analysis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(12), 4631–4652. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-12-2021-1512 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2021-1512
