Implementation of Sustainable Urban Transportation Policies: A Multiple-Case Study of Indonesian Municipalities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61978/logistica.v4i1.1736Keywords:
sustainable urban transportation, policy implementation, multiple-case study, collaborative governance, public transportation, urban mobility, IndonesiaAbstract
Rapid urbanization and rising private vehicle ownership have intensified congestion and accessibility challenges in Indonesian cities, making sustainable urban transportation a strategic priority. This study examines the implementation of sustainable urban transportation policies in Surabaya, Semarang, and Bandung, identifying governance, institutional, and operational factors that facilitate or constrain successful implementation. A qualitative multiple-case study design was employed, using a dataset of semi-structured interviews with twelve stakeholders—municipal officials, transport operators, users, and experts—comprising 120 question-answer units across ten implementation themes. Data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding, thematic analysis, and cross-case comparison. Findings show all three municipalities share commitment to reduced private vehicle dependence, integrated public transportation, and equitable accessibility, though implementation effectiveness varies with institutional capacity, financing, technological readiness, and stakeholder collaboration. Institutional coordination was the most influential success determinant, as fragmented authority and inconsistent budgeting often delayed execution. First-mile and last-mile connectivity significantly shaped accessibility and public acceptance. Digital technologies improved operational efficiency but required stronger data governance. Continuous monitoring supported organizational learning by shifting evaluation toward outcomes like ridership, emission reduction, and user satisfaction. The study concludes that sustainable urban transportation is primarily a governance challenge, requiring interaction among policy vision, institutional coordination, service integration, technological capability, and stakeholder engagement, offering practical guidance for developing countries.
References
Abdi, M. H. (2021). Understanding Transportation Prerequisites to Be Integrated With Urban Development in Developing Countries: Iran as a Case. https://doi.org/10.36443/10259/7016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.11.050
Aguiléra, A., & Boutueil, V. (2019). Implications for Public Policy. 143–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-812647-9.00004-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812647-9.00004-4
Bauchinger, L., Reichenberger, A., Goodwin‐Hawkins, B., Kobal, J., Hrabar, M., & Oedl-Wieser, T. (2021). Developing Sustainable and Flexible Rural–Urban Connectivity Through Complementary Mobility Services. Sustainability, 13(3), 1280. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031280 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031280
Broek, K. v. d., Bolderdijk, J. W., & Steg, L. (2017). Individual Differences in Values Determine the Relative Persuasiveness of Biospheric, Economic and Combined Appeals. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 53, 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.07.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.07.009
Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D., & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive Sampling: Complex or Simple? Research Case Examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206
Chen, C.-H. (2022). Influence of Big Data Analytical Capability on New Product Performance – The Effects of Collaboration Capability and Team Collaboration in High-Tech Firm. Chinese Management Studies, 18(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/cms-02-2022-0053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-02-2022-0053
Coenegrachts, E., Beckers, J., Vanelslander, T., & Verhetsel, A. (2021). Business Model Blueprints for the Shared Mobility Hub Network. Sustainability, 13(12), 6939. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126939 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126939
Dziugieł, B., Mazur, A., Liberacki, A., Ginter, P., Utracka, A., Wyka, S., Vito, V. D., & Menichino, A. (2023). Multimodal 3D Transport System Implementation Barriers in Populated Municipalities. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 95(9), 1453–1458. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-10-2022-0286 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-10-2022-0286
Engdahl, P., Svedberg, P., Lexén, A., & Bejerholm, U. (2020). Role of a Digital Return-to-Work Solution for Individuals With Common Mental Disorders: Qualitative Study of the Perspectives of Three Stakeholder Groups. Jmir Formative Research, 4(9), e15625. https://doi.org/10.2196/15625 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/15625
Flesser, M., & Friedrich, B. (2022). Are We Taking Off? A Critical Review of Urban Aerial Cable Cars as an Integrated Part of Sustainable Transport. Sustainability, 14(20), 13560. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013560 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013560
Holzhacker, R., Wittek, R., & Woltjer, J. (2015). Decentralization and Governance for Sustainable Society in Indonesia. 3–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22434-3_1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22434-3_1
Hu, W., & Liu, J. (2023). The Coupling and Coordination of Urban Modernization and Low-Carbon Development. Sustainability, 15(19), 14335. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914335 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914335
Jelovchan, C., Mohiuddin, H., Williams, J., Kapatsila, B., Anthony, J., & Spears, S. (2019). Iowa City Automated Vehicles Adaptation &Amp; Equity Plan. https://doi.org/10.17077/rep.005271 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17077/rep.005271
Jordová, R., & Foltýnová, H. B. (2021). Rise of a New Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning Paradigm in Local Governance: Does the SUMP Make a Difference? Sustainability, 13(11), 5950. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115950 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115950
Kunseler, E.-M. (2016). Revealing a Paradox in Scientific Advice to Governments: The Struggle Between Modernist and Reflexive Logics Within the PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. Palgrave Communications, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/palcomms.2016.29 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palcomms.2016.29
Kyza, E. Α., Varda, C., Panos, D., Karageorgiou, M., Komendantova, N., Perfumi, S. C., Shah, S. I., & Hosseini, A. S. S. (2020). Combating Misinformation Online: Re-Imagining Social Media for Policy-Making. Internet Policy Review, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.14763/2020.4.1514 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14763/2020.4.1514
Lemonde, C., Arsénio, E., & Henriques, R. (2021). Integrative Analysis of Multimodal Traffic Data: Addressing Open Challenges Using Big Data Analytics in the City of Lisbon. European Transport Research Review, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-021-00520-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-021-00520-3
Lim, W. M. (2024). What Is Qualitative Research? An Overview and Guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal (Amj), 33(2), 199–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582241264619 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582241264619
Mao, Q., Ma, B., Hongshuai, W., & Bian, Q. (2019). Investigating Policy Instrument Adoption in Low-Carbon City Development: A Case Study From China. Energies, 12(18), 3475. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12183475 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12183475
McQueen, M., Abou-Zeid, G., MacArthur, J., & Clifton, K. J. (2020). Transportation Transformation: Is Micromobility Making a Macro Impact on Sustainability? Journal of Planning Literature, 36(1), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412220972696 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412220972696
Mitropoulos, L., Kortsari, A., Fotiou, A. M., Ayfantopoulou, G., & Golightly, D. (2023). An Evaluation and Prioritization Framework for Pilot First- And Last-Mile Ridesharing Services. Sustainability, 16(1), 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010143 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010143
Mittal, H., & Shah, A. (2021). Discursive Politics and Policy (Im)mobility: Metro-Tod Policies in India. Environment and Planning C Politics and Space, 40(2), 463–480. https://doi.org/10.1177/23996544211029295 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23996544211029295
Mortell, M. (2024). Qualitative Research in Nursing: Is It “Fact or Just Fiction?” What Is the Reality? Acta Scientific Clinical Casereports, 32–40. https://doi.org/10.31080/ascr.2024.05.0500 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31080/ASCR.2024.05.0500
Othman, Z., Shahzad, A., & Subramaniam A L Sri Ramalu. (2024). Environmental, Technical, and Resources Challenges Facing Agroforestry: A Case of Sustainable Land Management in Malaysia. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 63–76. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v24i1.633 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v24i1.633
Pani, A., Puppala, H., Jha, S. K., Gupta, A., Mukhopadhyay, A., & Dubey, A. (2024). Enhancing Urban Mobility With Aerial Ropeway Transit (ART): Future Accessibility Impacts of Multimodal Transit Expansion Scenarios. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2679(2), 2144–2161. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241270180 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241270180
Pratap, S. (2024). Transportation Transformed: A Comprehensive Review of Dynamic Rerouting in Multimodal Networks. https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.24787044.v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.24787044
Qian, L., Xu, X., Zhou, Y., Sun, Y., & Ma, D. (2023). Carbon Emission Reduction Effects of the Smart City Pilot Policy in China. Sustainability, 15(6), 5085. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065085 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065085
Rachmawati, R., Haryono, E., Ghiffari, R. A., Reinhart, H., Fathurrahman, R., Rohmah, A. A., Permatasari, F. D., Sensuse, D. I., Sunindyo, W. D., & Kraas, F. (2024). Achieving Sustainable Urban Development for Indonesia’s New Capital City. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.190204 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.190204
Rosales, R., & Haarstad, H. (2022). Governance Challenges for Urban Logistics: Lessons From Three Norwegian Cities. Environmental Policy and Governance, 33(3), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.2015
Siqueira, M. F., Lopes, A. S., Costa, T. B., & Loureiro, C. F. G. (2023). Challenges in Promoting Bike-Bus Integration in Developing Countries: Case Study of Fortaleza, Brazil. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/nqxfs DOI: https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/nqxfs
Supriyadi, A., Wang, T., Juwita, M. R., Gunaningrat, R., Safitri, S., & Cirella, G. T. (2021). Sustainability Policy in Indonesia: Case Study Economic Structure and Determinants in Banjar Municipality. International Journal of Informatics Information System and Computer Engineering (Injiiscom), 2(1), 25–46. https://doi.org/10.34010/injiiscom.v2i1.4881 DOI: https://doi.org/10.34010/injiiscom.v2i1.4881
Tilahun, B., Amare, G., Endehabtu, B. F., Atnafu, A., Derseh, L., Gurmu, K. K., Delllie, E., & Nigusie, A. (2024). Explore the Practice and Barriers of Collaborative Health Policy and System Research-Priority Setting Exercise in Ethiopia. Health Research Policy and Systems, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-024-01151-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-024-01151-5
Tsigdinos, S., Nikitas, A., & Bakogiannis, E. (2021). Multimodal Corridor Development as a Way of Supporting Sustainable Mobility in Athens. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 9(1), 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2020.11.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2020.11.004
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Logistica : Journal of Logistic and Transportation
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
