CRISPR, Synthetic Biology, and Beyond: Charting the Future of Molecular Biotechnology
Keywords:
Molecular Biology, Modern Biotechnology, CRISPR Technology, Bioinformatics, Sustainable Agriculture, Biotechnology Policy, Global Innovation EquityAbstract
The integration of molecular biology into modern biotechnology has ushered in a new era of innovation across agriculture, healthcare, and environmental sectors. This narrative review aims to examine the current trends, innovations, and challenges associated with molecular-based biotechnological applications. A systematic literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, employing Boolean combinations of terms such as "CRISPR AND plant biotechnology" and "synthetic biology AND applications." Inclusion criteria emphasized peer-reviewed articles published in the last five years that provided empirical insights into molecular innovations and their socio-economic impacts. The findings highlight the critical role of technologies like CRISPR/Cas9, ribozymes, and metabolomics in enhancing crop resilience, optimizing bioprocesses, and improving public health interventions. However, implementation varies widely across regions due to systemic barriers including strict regulations, insufficient education and training, and uneven economic capacity. These factors not only impede innovation but also deepen global inequities. Discussion points focus on effective policy models from North America and Europe that integrate flexible governance, educational reform, and public-private partnerships. This review concludes that while molecular biotechnology offers significant promise, realizing its full potential requires inclusive, well-supported, and adaptive systems. Strategic investments in research, education, and policy reform are necessary to ensure equitable benefits and sustainable development outcomes.
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