Beyond Ridership Growth: Assessing Modal Shift and Private Vehicle Dependency in Jakarta's Integrated Public Transport System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61978/logistica.v3i4.1730Keywords:
sustainable urban mobility, modal shift, public transportation, private vehicle dependency, transport policy evaluation, Jakarta, public transport ridershipAbstract
Reducing private vehicle dependence is central to sustainable urban transport policy. Jakarta has implemented an integrated strategy encompassing Bus Rapid Transit expansion, Mass Rapid Transit development, feeder integration, fare subsidies, and bus electrification. This study evaluates whether increased public transport ridership constitutes genuine modal shift away from private vehicles. Using a quantitative descriptive design with official secondary data from TransJakarta, MRT Jakarta, BPS DKI Jakarta, and government policy documents, the study analyzed ridership trends, growth indicators, and private vehicle statistics from 2022–2024. Results show average daily MRT ridership grew 105.56%, from 54,000 to 111,000 passengers, while TransJakarta served 371.4 million annual trips covering 91.7% of Jakarta's population across 242 routes. Despite these gains, approximately 11.50 million registered private vehicles remain, with motorcycles comprising 79.71% of total vehicle stock. Comparative indicators reveal only 32.29 annual TransJakarta trips per registered private vehicle, suggesting ridership growth reflects post-pandemic recovery and expanded demand rather than private vehicle substitution. The study concludes that while Jakarta's policies have significantly enhanced accessibility and service quality, ridership growth alone cannot confirm modal shift. Future evaluations should integrate travel surveys, origin–destination data, and behavioral evidence for comprehensive assessment.
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