Preservation of the Musical Instruments: Katambung , Garantung, Rabab, Sape and Kecapi in Central Kalimantan

: The problem in this research is the lack of research that shows traditional musical instruments in Central Kalimantan in the form of visualization (images) and elaboration with culture, maintenance space and also religion, which is basically applicable and useful for the maintenance of property, culture, philosophical values contained therein. This research method is qualitative research with data search through visualization of images or camera shots of the authors directly to the source of traditional musical instruments in Palangka Raya. The results show that diversity, Indonesianness through gotong royong, instrument maintenance, culture and religion are inextricably intertwined as a space for diversity and religiosity and at the same time as a further elaborative space to explore musical instruments with something that enriches art.


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a rich country of music.Especially the variants of musical instruments that are presented in the culture of cultural diversity in Indonesia.One of them is Katambung .According to Nugroho's research, Katambung is a space combined with mantras as a ritual space for the Ngaju Dayak tribe in Palangka Raya (Nugroho, 2020).However, the purpose of this paper is not to examine the ritual space or spirituality of the Kaharingan faith as presented by Nugroho's research.Rather, it is to examine the musical creativity of the Katambung instrument.Nugroho's research is basically similar to the authors's encounter with ethnomusicological space.Nugroho alludes to the religious creativity of the Katambung through rhythm and melody.The difference is that the authors looks at the visualization of the Katambung instrument as a provider of melody and rhythm generated as a Katambung instrument.
In the second previous research, the authors looks at the search and research results of Wahyu Sri Wiyati, who sees gong (according to the authors, similar to Garantung, which is also found in one of the rich musical instruments of the Batak tribe) as a traditional community need that began and spread during the Majapahit kingdom (Wiyati et al., 2023).Wiyati and the authors look at a

METHOD
The research is conducted as a qualitative research with the search for secondary sources, namely the search for previous researches as well as the combination of previous researches with current findings that elaborate on the types of musical instruments in Central Kalimantan.The authors first searches and traces the musical instruments that are often used during the lecture process, during the process of traditional and governmental events, and also used in the church space in Central Kalimantan.Throughout the paper, the authors also tries to see the similarities of musical instruments in other regions, for example in West Sumatra and North Sumatra as music mediators who see the musical space as a tool as well as philosophical, and includes culture, religion and Indonesian nationality.

Katambung and Expressing Dimension in Traditional Music
The music of Dayak is an ensemble, consisting of various musical instruments, one of which is the Dayak Drum.Other musical instruments are; Gong, Drum, Katambung , and Kangkanung.Percussion is a classification of Dayak drum.It functions as a Manasai dance accompaniment, traditional ceremony accompaniment, as well as entertainment music accompaniment.Organologically, the Dayak drum has a membrane made of goatskin.The body of the drum is made of a strong type of wood, such as Meranti wood.

Katambung
Traditional Central Kalimantan musical instrument in the form of a long percussion drum.Its length is 75 cm and its diameter is 20 cm.The Katambung is made of round ulin wood.At one end it is wrapped in puffer fish skin as a membrane.The inside of the Katambung is removed, leaving it hollow.The Katambung is played by tapping and produces a very ethnic sound, especially when combined with other Dayak instruments.The Katambung is used by the basirs to lead traditional ceremonies and to accompany the poems sung by the basirs in the Sangiang language.The Katambung instrument has two surfaces.One part of the surface functions as a drum that will be beaten.The other surface or the end is larger and hollow.This round-shaped part is also the base for placing the Katambung if it is placed in a standing position when played.But if it is played in a sitting position, both surfaces can be beaten or struck.

Garantung
The gong is a common instrument in Malay culture, known as Garantung in Dayak culture (Khuluq, 2016).The smaller size distinguishes it from the gong in traditional Javanese gamelan.Being smaller, the sound produced is higher and the frequency of the sound is shorter.Garantung is usually played together with Gandang Tatau and Kangkanong.Garantung is one of the musical instruments that has been preserved and developed until today.Garantung is played by striking it with a mallet in the shape of two medium-sized round wooden slats.

The Music of Global Locality: Philosophy and Rabab
The book written by Akhmalul Khuluq presents the Rabab instrument as a Minangkabau instrumentalization of a stringed instrument like or similar to the violin (Khuluq, 2016).As far as the authors's search goes, the Rabab musical instrument is not only located in Central Kalimantan, but also famous in West Sumatra.Whether as a historical space, educational values, performing arts, musical concepts, films, literary texts, short stories, or the presence of Rabab musical instruments in traditional events, such as marriage ceremonies in West Sumatra (Hanefi & Najmi, 2018;Sari, 2022).
Arbab or Rabab is a very distinctive instrument because it is the only stringed instrument in the Dayak culture of Central Kalimantan.The material for making Rabab comes from simple materials, namely; coconut shells, wood, animal skins, rattan, and banana fiber strings.This simple material is the difference with rababs from other regions.If we observe how to play it like other stringed instruments, with a stringed instrument whose strings are made of banana fiber.The Rabab or Rebab is a musical instrument that resembles a violin, has two strings, and is played by strumming.The body of the rebab is a soundboard that resembles a bowl made of coconut shell that is split and then sanded until smooth.At the top of the handle/neck there is a rebab peg where the strings are attached.The rebab is played standing up.The right hand of the rebab player holds the bow while the left hand holds the neck of the rebab.The left fingers press the strings while the right hand moves the bow.Rebab is played to accompany the Manyangiang ritual (related to spirits) in the Dayak Ngaju community and to accompany folk songs.
Kecapi is played to accompany Karungut, which contains lyrics that give examples and advice.In its development, Kacapi and Sape are combined in modern music ensembles.The songs played are not only Central Kalimantan folk songs, but have expanded to include Indonesian pop music songs, even spiritual songs.

CONCLUSION
The results showed that Katambung , Rabab, Garantung Sape and Kacapi as traditional musical instruments in Central Kalimantan, have similarities with Gong, Drum, Kangkanung and even Percussion which are also found in other regions in Indonesia.The wealth of musical instruments found in Central Kalimantan displays the spotlight of art, the instrumentality that art itself becomes a presentation space across identities, religions, cultures, economies, and politics whose purpose boils down to mutual cooperation, synergy, care and elaborative space.